This EPAH report looks at how the energy performance of residential buildings shapes energy poverty outcomes across the EU.

Poor insulation, inefficient heating systems, and low energy performance certification are rarely distributed evenly across society. The report unpacks who is most affected and why, drawing on EU-SILC and OECD housing data to trace the links between building conditions, household vulnerability, and ongoing policy efforts across Member States.

The result is a clearer picture of where building inefficiency and energy poverty converge, and what that means for targeting renovation support and financing more effectively.