Energy poverty poses a methodological challenge for diagnosis, particularly in contexts with limited access to objective data. Commonly used indicators focus on energy consumption and perceived thermal comfort, both conditioned by the household’s economic capacity and potential self-restriction behaviors linked to their thermal adaptability. This study explores associations between self-reported housing and thermal comfort indicators and monitored indoor environmental quality and heating energy consumption conditions to identify patterns consistent with hidden energy poverty in residential buildings. An approach combining environmental monitoring and surveys was applied in 22 households across four climatic zones in southern Chile during winter. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were monitored and compared with health-based threshold. Heating energy consumption was classified according to per capita threshold (M/2 y 2 M), while self-reported indicators included dwelling characteristics, heating practices, ventilation behavior, and comfort perception. Multiple correspondence analyses was used to examine associations. The results reveal three groups of households according to their heating energy consumption: group C1, with consumption equal to or less than half the median, exhibiting environmental quality (temperature and humidity) outside healthy thresholds in both living rooms and bedrooms, and associated with condensation, mold, and musty odors indoors; and groups C2 and C3, with consumption equal to or greater than twice the median, exhibiting environmental quality (temperature and humidity) within acceptable thresholds, however showing unfavorable environmental conditions with respect to high CO2 concentrations, and associated with the use of mixed kerosene and electric heating systems and frequent respiratory episodes. Overall, the findings from these observed patterns demonstrate the exploratory potential of self-reported housing and comfort information to detect environmental risk conditions consistent with hidden energy poverty, especially in contexts where direct environmental or consumption measurements are not systematically available.