Reliable access to electrical energy is fundamental for improving social well-being. Even though this is understood, thousands of people still live without access to this basic service. In Guinea-Bissau, a great part of the population is still without access to electricity. Based on this background, this study investigates energy poverty and its implications for the well-being of citizens in the Bula Sector, in Guiné-Bissau. The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, with a descriptive-exploratory character, configuring it as a case study. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with eight stakeholder groups, including fifty (50) households and institutional representatives linked to the Guinean energy sector. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Version 2016) and content analysis. The results indicate that 50% of the households interviewed are not connected to the electricity grid, 30% have limited access (about 4 hours per day), and the rest have access between 5 and 8 hours per day. Regarding access to modern, clean cooking energy sources, only 2% of households interviewed use gas (“cylinder”). The results also reveal that energy poverty in the Bula Sector results from precarious energy infrastructure, high tariffs, poor service management, and the absence of effective public policies. To confront the problem, it is proposed to expand the electricity grid, encourage decentralized photovoltaic systems, reduce tariffs and targeted subsidies, promote research and technological innovation, and strengthen local governance.